American-born writer of detective fiction, whose work is considered among the best in the genre. Carr's specialty was "locked-room" puzzle, an impossible crime, which he developed into its limits. He published about 80 mystery novels. Fifty of them featured one of his three detectives - Henri Bencolin, Dr. Gideon Fell, and Sir Henry Merrivale.

"His face, as ruddy as a furnace, radiated that sort of geniality which as a rule made him tower in heartening comfort like Old King Cole. Gideon Fell, Miles knew, was an utterly kind-hearted, utterly honest, completely absent-minded and scatter-brained man whose best hits occurred half through absent-mindedness."
(from He Who Whispers, 1941)

J.D. Carr was born in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, as a son of Julia M. (Kisinger) Carr and Wooda Nicholas Carr, a Pennsylvania lawyer, who served a term in Congress. He was educated at the Hill School and Haverford College. In his teens Carr wrote sports stories for a local newspaper and covered murder trials.

"They sent me to a school and university with the idea of turning me into a barrister like my father. But I wanted to write detective stories. I don't mean that I wanted to write great novels, or any nonsense like that! I mean that I simply damn well wanted to write detective stories."

Carr continued his studies at the Sorbonne in Paris and wrote his first novel, an historical adventure story, which he later destroyed. In 1931 he married Clarice Cleaves, whom he had met on an ocean voyage, and settled in England in 1932. While in England Carr wrote scripts for the popular BBC mystery series 'Appointment with Fear'.

With America's entry into World War II, Carr returned to the United States to volunteer services, but he was sent back to England to write for the BBC allied propaganda. After the war, when Labour government was in power, he moved to suburban Mamaroneck, New York, and returned to England for some years, when Churchill became prime minister in 1951. In 1958 Carr's family settled in Greenville, Southville. He lived in the 1960s in Morocco. Most of his life Carr was a serious drinker and smoker. During the last twenty years of his life Carr suffered from ill health and in the 1970s he was treated for lung cancer. Carr died on February 27, 1977.

'"Harry," said Uncle Rigaud, lifting an impressive forefinger like this. "Harry, I have spoken to you much of French literature. I have spoken to you of crime and the occult. I have covered a broad field of human experience. And I tell you that the things which cause the most trouble in this world are the things which are too ridiculous to be talked about."
(from He Who Whispers, 1941)

Carr's first novel, HE WALKS BY NIGHT, was published in 1930. Set in Paris, it featured a police chief named Henri Bencolin and introduced the sub-genre for which Carr became famous, the 'locked-room' murder, a seemingly impossible crime eventually solved by ingenious use of logic. He soon attained a pace of four novels a year. He also published radio plays, and the highly successful LIFE OF SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE (1949), which won an Edgar Award from the Mystery Writers of America. The work was commissioned by the Conan Doyle family. Doyle appeared in the work as the embodiment of chivalric virtues and as the secret model for Holmes himself. In 1954 appeared THE EXPLOITS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES in collaboration with Adrian Conan Doyle, Sir Arthur's youngest son.

In the 1950s Carr began to explore the historical mystery genre. He was especially passionate about seventeenth-century English history. Carr produced such works as THE BRIDE OF NEWGATE, which was set in 1815, and THE DEVIL IN VELVET, his bestseller, which combined historical romance, mystery and fantasy. In the story the protagonist becomes so obsessed with a murder that took place in the reign of Charles II that he goes back in time to the world of 1675 and arrives at a solution. Carr's last book, THE HUNGRY GOBLIN (1972), is set in the Victorian era and has the mystery writer Wilkie Collins in the role of a detective.

It is reported hat Carr often wrote for eighteen hours at a stretch, forgetting meals. For help with his plotting he relied on the substantial reference library of works on crime that filled the shelves of his New York home. His thorough research for details and visits to likely sets resulted in authentic settings, which especially gave his historical novels air of plausibility. However, Carr's tone in his novels was playful, and eerie atmosphere of the murder scenes was often created in tongue-in-cheek spirit. In his essay in Ellery Queen's Mystery Magazine (1963) Carr stated that "The fine detective story, be it repeated, does not consist of 'a' clue. It is a ladder of clues, a pattern of evidence, joined together with such cunning that even the experienced reader may be deceived, until, in he blaze of the surprise ending, he suddenly sees the whole design."

Carr was named a Grand Master by Mystery Writers of America in 1962. He received twice the Ellery Queen Prize for short stories and was member of the Baker Street Irregulars and one of the few Americans ever admitted to membership in Britain's Detection Club - nominated by Dorothy L. Sayers in 1936. Carr's works are still reprinted.

For further reading: Notes for the Curious, ed. by L.L. French (1978); John Dickson Carr: A Critical Study by S.T. Joshi (1990); John Dickson Carr: The Man Who Explained Miracles by Douglas G. Greene (1995); Mystery & Suspense Writers, ed. by Robin W. Winks (1998, vol. 1) - Central characters: Dr. Gideon Fell appeared in 26 books, and was modelled upon G.K. Chesterton. Sir Henry Merrivale featured in 24 books, and Henri Bencolin in five novels. The Fell stories include what are considered Carr's masterpieces of the locked-room genre: The Three Coffins, which also has Fell's lecture on the subject, and The Crooked Hinge - See also: Edmund Crispin.

• IT WALKS BY NIGHT, 1930
• THE LOST GALLOWS, 1931
• CASTLE SKULL, 1931
• POISON IN JEST, 1932
• THE CORPSE IN THE WAXWORKS, 1932
• HAG'S HOOK, 1933
• THE BOWSTRING MURDERS, 1933 (as Carr Dickson
• MAD HATTER MYSTERY, 1933
• BLIND BARBER, 1934
• DEVIL KINSMERE, 1934 (as Roger Fairbairn)
• THE PLAGUE COURT MURDERS, 1934 (as Carter Dickson)
• THE WHITE PRIORY MURDERS, 1934 (as Carter Dickson)
• THE UNICORN MURDERS, 1935 (as Carter Dickson)
• THE HOLLOW MAN, 1935
• DEAD WATCH, 1935
• THE RED WIDOW MURDERS, 1935 (as Carter Dickson)
• THE ARABIAN NIGHTS MURDER, 1936
• THE MURDER OF SIR EDMUND GODFREY, 1936
• THE PUNCH AND JUDY MURDERS, 1937 (as Carter Dickson)
• THE BURNING COURT, 1937
• THE THIRD BULLET, 1937
• TO WAKE THE DEAD, 1938
• THE PEACOCK FEATHER MURDERS, 1937 (as Carter Dickson)
• DEATH IN FIVE BOXES, 1938 (as Carter Dickson)
• THE JUDAS WINDOW, 1938 (as Carter Dickson)
• THE CROOCED HINGE, 1938
• THE READER IS WARNED, 1939 (as Carter Dickson)
• DROP TO HIS DEATH, 1939 (as Carter Dickson, with John Rhode)
• THE PROBLEM OF GREEN CAPSULE, 1939
• NINE - AND DEATH MAKES TEN, 1940 (as Carter Dickson)
• THE DEPARTMENT OF QUEER COMPLAINTS, 1940 (as Carter Dickson)
• AND SO TO MURDER, 1940 (as Carter Dickson)
• THE CASE OF THE CONSTANT SUICIDES, 1941
• HE WHO WHISPERS, 1941
• SEEING IS BELIEVING, 1941 (as Carter Dickson)
• THE CASE OF CONSTANT SUICIDES, 1941
• THE EMPEROR'S SNUFF BOX, 1942 - film adptation in 1957 under the title That Woman Opposite, dir. by Compton Bennett, starring Phyllis Kirk, Dan O'Herlihy, Wilfried Hyde White, Petula Clark - US title: City after Dark
• THE GILDED MAN, 1942 (as Carter Dickson)
• SHE DIED A LADY, 1943 (as Carter Dickson)
• TILL DEATH DO US PART, 1944
• HE WOULDN'T KILL PATIENCE, 1944 (as Carter Dickson)
• THE CURSE OF THE BRONZE LAMP, 1945 (as Carter Dickson) -
• MY LATE WIVES, 1946 (as Carter Dickson)
• THE SLEEPING SPHINX, 1947
• THE SKELETON IN THE CLOCK, 1948 (as Carter Dickson)
• A GRAVEYARD TO LET, 1949
• BELOW SUSPICION, 1949
• A GRAVEYARD TO LET, 1949 (as Carter Dickson)
• THE LIFE OF SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE, 1949
• THE BRIDE OF NEWGATE, 1950
• NIGHT AT THE MOCKING WIDOW, 1950 (as Carter Dickson)
• THE DEVIL IN THE VELVET, 1951
• BEHIND THE CRIMSON BLIND, 1952 (as Carter Dickson)
• THE NINE WRONG ANSWERS, 1952
• THE CAVALIER'S CUP, 1953 (as Carter Dickson)
• THE THIRD BULLET AND OTHER STORIES, 1954
• THE EXPLOITS OF SHERLOCK HOLMES, 1954 (with Adrian Conan Doyle) - Sherlock Holmes
• CAPTAIN CUT-THROAT, 1955
• PATRICK BUTLER FOR THE DEFENSE, 1956
• FEAR IS THE SAME, 1956
• FIRE BURN! 1957
• SCANDAL AT HIGH CHIMNEY'S, 1959
• IN SPITE OF THUNDER, 1960
• THE WITCH OF THE LOW-TIDE: AN EDWARDIAN MELODRAMA, 1961
• THE DEMONIACS, 1962
• THE MEN WHO EXPLAINED MIRACLES, 1963
• THE HOUSE AT SATAN'S ELBOW, 1965
• DARK OF THE MOON, 1967
• PAPA-LÀ-BAS, 1968
• THE GHOST'S HIGH NOON, 1969
• THE HUNGRY GOBLIN, 1971
• DEADLY HALL, 1971
• THE HUNGRY GOBLIN, 1972
• THE DOOR TO DOOM AND OTHER DETECTIONS, 1980
• THE DEAD SLEEP LIGHTLY, 1983 (radio plays, ed. by Douglas G. Greene)
• FELL AND FOUL PLAY, 1991
• MERIVALE, MARCH, AND MURDER, 1991